Factors considered when offering monetary goods - compensation for time, transport, parking etc. - required by Research Ethics Committee - difficulty in recruiting - wage rate Factors considered when offering non-monetary goods - advised by the community - used previously by self or colleague - required by Research Ethics Committee - reward participants for their time - food offered as lunch - non-monetary goods deemed more appropriate - difficulty in recruiting All participa

International law provides rules and arenas to further the interests of indigenous peoples. There are declarations passed by the United Nations, which, while not binding on states, often receive such widespread support that their principles are deemed part of customary international law and/or of the 'general principles of law recognized by civilized nations'. Two declarations, arguably a part of customary international law or 'general principles' by reason of their recogniti

For genetically modified animals, the different toxicity tests are basically similar to those applied to genetically modified plants. Animals differ from plants on several specific points. Plants often contain toxins which in practice are natural pesticides. Plants are generally not sensitive to their own toxins. The plants retained by humans to be used as food have been chosen and selected by our ancestors in such a way as to raise no health problems for consumers. Animals u

When Sherman Sizemore underwent surgery in 2006, two types of anesthesia were required for the operation, paralytic agents, to prevent him from moving or speaking during the operation, and inhalation anesthesia which would make him lose consciousness and prevent him from feeling the pain of the surgery. The first was administered correctly, but the second was not. Sixteen minutes into the surgery the medical team realized that he was still awake. The inhalational anesthesia,

Dignity is related to human rights. Traditional concepts of inherent dignity associate dignity with the possession of rationality and autonomy, which consequently excludes non-rational humans from being viewed as possessing inherent dignity and therefore equal and inherent worth. Human rights are an unprecedented normative success. They are analysed as elements of international legal and political practice, or as ethical norms of supra-cultural authority. Despite their limita

CO arises when a person refuses to act according to a legal mandate or obligation, or an administrative order, on conscientious grounds, that is, on the basis of reasons for doing what this person believes is right (moral, religious or else), and which are opposed to such an obligation or order. CO reveals a conflict between an individual's moral values and what he or she is being required to do. CO is rarely recognized within the legislations of most countries, and sometimes

How about the confidentiality to insurance company and employer related to the medical records during psychotherapy? Psychologists will share certain information about your diagnosis and treatment with the health insurance company or government program (such as Medicare or Medicaid) that is paying for your treatment so that the company or program can determine what care is covered. The health insurance company or program is also bound by the Health Insurance Portability and A

A 14-year-old accompanied by her mother presents with complaints of nausea and vomiting for two weeks. After her mother leaves the room, she admits to being sexually active and tells you that she has had unprotected intercourse recently with her boyfriend and missed a period. Her parents do not know she is sexually active, and she does not want her mother to know that a pregnancy test is being done or the result of that test. Pregnancy test comes back positive. Distinction be